01 Feb Preparation of Insoluble Salt and The Solubility Table
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Spa salts chemistry is a fascinating topic that connects chemistry with real-life applications. Spa salt is a type of salt used for bathing, exfoliating, and other spa treatments. Minerals such as magnesium sulfate, Epsom salts, and sea salts can be found in spa salts.
Let us learn about the preparation of insoluble salt in this chemistry tuition lesson.
First rule about Spa salts chemistry:
Before we learn about preparation of insoluble salts, we need to learn about the salt solubility table chemistry. The solubility table tells us which salts are soluble in water and which salts are not soluble in water.
The first rule states that: All nitrates (NO₃⁻) are soluble – For example, zinc nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and copper(II) nitrate dissolve in water.
Second rule about spa salts chemistry:
The second rule states that all sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), ammonium (NH₄⁺)and Group I salts are soluble in water. Example
- sodium nitrate,
- sodium sulfate,
- sodium carbonate
This are soluble in water. Similarly,
- potassium nitrate,
- potassium sulfate,
- potassium carbonate
This are also soluble in water. A simple way to remember this rule is to remember SPA. They are known as SPA salts.
Third rule about spa salts chemistry:
The third rule states that all sulfates (SO₄²⁻) are soluble except lead(II) sulfate, barium sulfate and calcium sulfate which are insoluble. This means that magnesium sulfate is soluble, zinc sulfate is soluble, potassium sulfate is soluble.
Fourth rule:
The fourth rule states that for chlorides, all chlorides (Cl⁻), bromides (Br⁻) and iodides (I⁻) are soluble except silver chloride and lead(II) chloride is insoluble.
For bromides (Br⁻), silver bromide and lead(II) bromide are also insoluble. This rule also tells us that magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, barium chloride are all soluble in water. This applies for all the halogens in Group VII.
Fifth Rule:
Rule number five states that all carbonates (CO₃²⁻) are insoluble in water except
- sodium carbonate,
- potassium carbonate
- ammonium carbonate
which are the SPA salts. Hence we learn that calcium carbonate, zinc carbonate and magnesium carbonate are insoluble in water.
Sixth Rule:
Rule number six which is the last rule states that all hydroxides (OH⁻) are insoluble in water except
- sodium hydroxide,
- potassium hydroxide and
- aqueous ammonia.
Barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and Group II hydroxides are slightly soluble in water. Group I hydroxides are soluble in water.
From here, we can proceed to learn about the preparation of insoluble salts. Some examples are of insoluble salts includes barium sulfate, lead (II) chloride, silver chloride, calcium sulfate and lead (II) bromide.
Preparing an Insoluble Salt: A Precipitation Reaction
To prepare barium sulfate which is an insoluble salt, we need to start with two soluble reagents. Hence, we will use barium nitrate and sulfuric acid to react together to form barium sulfate and nitric acid. This reaction is called precipitation reaction.
Barium sulfate which is an insoluble salt is the precipitate that is formed when two solutions are added together. Another example of a precipitation reaction is when silver nitrate reacts with sodium chloride.
The product formed will be silver chloride and sodium nitrate. The white precipitate formed is silver chloride.
Procedure:
How does the procedure works?
- Mix barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) solution with sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- Barium sulfate (BaSO4) precipitates white.
- Separate the solid precipitate from the mixture by filtering it.
- To remove impurities, wash the precipitate with distilled water.
- Filter paper can be used to dry the solid.
Joel, a student at Miracle Learning Centre asked, “Why do we need to learn about preparation of insoluble salts?” Mrs Lew, the teacher at Miracle Learning Centre answered, “The preparation of insoluble salt is very useful to us.
This can be used in qualitative analysis to identify what are the substances that are present in a mixture. Precipitation reactions are also used to prepare insoluble salts that we would want to obtain.”
Conclusion:
Miracle Learning Centre aims to educate students about how to prepare insoluble salts i.e spa salts chemistry. Do come to Miracle Learning Centre for more chemistry tuition lessons to learn more about preparation of insoluble salt.
Chemistry classes in Miracle Learning Centre are unique and extraordinary and are also highly productive. With our courses of A level chemistry tuition, O level chemistry tuition, JC chemistry tuition many students of Singapore have been able to increase their marks within a short span of time.